![]() Oecologia, 41: 25-46.Baker R R and Y Sadovy. Catches in pitfall traps in relation to mean densities ofcarabid beetles. Journal of Biogeography, 31:895-904.Baars M A. Diverging diversitypatterns of vascular plants and geometrid moths during forestregeneration on Mt Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Diversity and Distributions, 10: 293-302.Axmacher J C, H Tünte, M Schrumpf, et al. Diversity of geometrid moths(Lepidoptera: Geometridae) along an Afrotropical elevational rainforesttransect. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society, 58: 196-202.Axmacher J C, G Holtmann, L Scheuermann, G Brehm, K Müller-Hohenstein and K Fiedler. Manual versus automatic moth sampling at equal light sources: A comparison of catches from Mt. Journal of Agricultural Urban Entomology, 21: 15-24.Axmacher J C and K Fiedler. Evaluation of yellow sticky traps at variousheights for monitoring cotton insect pests. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 6: 422-423.Atakan E and R Canhilal. ![]() Blue pan traps as a potential methodfor collecting Stephanidae (Hymenoptera). Selbyana, 14: 16-20.Aguiar A P and A Sharkov. Patterns of beetle speciesdiversity in New Guinea rain forest as revealed by canopy fogging:preliminary findings. Ecotropica, 4: 93-97.Allison A, G A Samuelson and S E Miller. Canopy fogging of an overstory tree-recommendations forstandardization. In some areas one can also find bow rests – stone built hiding places for hunters equipped with a bow and arrows.Adis J, Y Basset, A Floren, P M Hammond and K E Linsenmair.1998. The trapping pits are normally rectangular in shape and quite narrow, making it difficult for the animal to move once it had fallen in. They are stone built and are normally accompanied by leading fences or walls, also made from stone, which would have guided the animals towards the pits. Reindeer pits are almost exclusively found in the mountainous areas of Norway. ![]() Nevertheless, the method was in use until the 20th century. Trapping elk in pits is an extremely effective hunting method, and as early as the 16th century the Norwegian government tried to restrict their use and in 1860 the hunting method was banned by law. From the excavations at Dokkfløy it seems that the hunting pits has been in use during two periods, an older period from around 500-300 BC, perhaps still in use around 1000 AD, and a later period up to about 1700 AD. Another location Rødsmoen at Gråfjell was in use over a period of 2000 years, from older Bronze Age around 1800 BC to older Iron Age around 500-550 AD. The tapered construction seems to be the most common one, especially in the mountains.Įarly examples of these trapping devices have been excavated by archaeologists and older sites are questionably dated to around 3700 BC while one of the later ones in Lesja municipality in Gudbrandsdalen is dated to 1690. The latter one will typically have a bowl form today, while the former most often lacks the timbered box. In Norway two forms are found: a tapered construction with a timbered box at the bottom where the legs of the animal are locked, or a bigger one where the animal falls through a covered lid. Remains of wooden fences designed to guide the animals toward the pits have been found in bogs and peats. Pits for hunting Eurasian elk (moose) are normally found in large groups, crossing the elk's regular paths and stretching over a large landmass. Some traps had a small rope enabling rodents and amphibians to escape. When the animal had fallen into the pit, it was killed, either bled to death by sharpened sticks pointed upwards from the bottom of the pit, or in the case of pits without these sticks, dispatched by hunters waiting nearby. They had steep sides lined with planks or masonry, making it impossible for the animal to escape once it had fallen in. These pits, which can measure up to 4 by 7 metres (13 ft × 23 ft) in size and be up to several metres deep, were camouflaged with branches and leaves. Remains of trapping pits used for hunting elk, reindeer, wolves, and bears can still be found in Northern Scandinavia. Trapping pits are deep pits dug into the ground, or built from stone, in order to trap animals.Įuropean rock drawings and cave paintings reveal that red deer ( Cervus elaphus) and elk/moose ( Alces alces) were hunted since the Stone Age using trapping pits. Pit for hunting wolves, near Hohenwart, Bavaria, Germany
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